/** @file General documentation built from a doxygen comment */ /** @mainpage ASSIMP - The open asset import library @section intro Introduction ASSIMP is a library to load and process geometric scenes from various data formats. It is taylored at typical game scenarios by supporting a node hierarchy, static or skinned meshes, materials, bone animations and potential texture data. The library is *not* designed for speed, it is primarily useful for importing assets from various sources once and storing it in a engine-specific format for easy and fast every-day-loading. ASSIMP is also able to apply various post processing steps to the imported data such as conversion to indexed meshes, calculation of normals or tangents/bitangents or conversion from right-handed to left-handed coordinate systems. ASSIMP is able to import the following file formats into your application: AutoDesk 3D Studio 4/5 (.3ds). The old native format of 3DS max, now still supported and widely used.
AutoDesk 3D Studio ASCII Export (.ase). Text format used by 3DS max. Supports bone animations and highly complex materials.
DirectX (.x) A file format that can easily be read by D3DX and that is supported as export format by most 3D modellers. ASSIMP supports both binary and ASCII X-Files.
Stanford Polygon (.ply) File format developed by the university of stanford. Thanks to its flexibility it often used for scientific purposes. Supported by ASSIMP are ASCII and binary PLY files, both LittleEndian and BigEndian.
WaveFront Object (.obj) File format that is widely used to exchange asset data between different applications.
Milkshape 3D (.ms3d) Native file format of the well-known modeller Milkshape 3D. ASSIMP provides full support for bone animations contained in ms3d files.
Quake I (.mdl) The file format that was once used by the first part of the quake series. ASSIMP provides full support for loading embedded textures from Quake models.
3D GameStudio (.mdl) The file format of Conitecs 3D GameStudio tool suite. Used by the freeware modelling tool MED. ASSIMP provides full support for all types of 3D GameStudio MDL files: MDL3, MDL4, MDL5, MDL6, MDL7. Bone animations are supported.
Half-Life/CS:S (.mdl, .smd) The file formats used in half life. Quake II (.md2)/ Quake III (.md3) Used by many free models on the web, support for Quake 2's and Quake 3's file formats is a must-have for each game engine. Quake 4 is existing but not widely used. However, it is supported by ASSIMP (and RavenSoft .mdr is supported, too)
Doom 3 (.md5) The well-known native file format of the Doom 3 engine, used in many games. Supports bone animation and advanced material settings. ASSIMP is independent of the Operating System by nature, providing a C++ interface for easy integration with game engines and a C interface to allow bindings to other programming languages. At the moment the library runs on any little-endian platform including X86/Windows/Linux/Mac and X64/Windows/Linux/Mac. Big endian systems such as PPC-Macs or PPC-Linux systems are not supported at the moment, but this might change later on. Special attention was paid to keep the library as free as possible from dependencies. The ASSIMP linker library and viewer application are provided under the BSD 3-clause license. This basically means that you are free to use it in open- or closed-source projects, for commercial or non-commercial purposes as you like as long as you retain the license informations and take own responsibility for what you do with it. For details see the License file. @section main_install Installation ASSIMP can be used in two ways: linking against the pre-built libraries or building the library on your own. The former option is the easiest, but the ASSIMP distribution contains pre-built libraries only for Visual C++ 2005 and 2008. For other compilers you'll have to build ASSIMP for yourself. Which is hopefully as hassle-free as the other way, but needs a bit more work. Both ways are described at the @link install Installation page. @endlink @section main_usage Usage When you're done integrating the library into your IDE / project, you can now start using it. There are two separate interfaces by which you can access the library: a C++ interface and a C interface using flat functions. While the former is easier to handle, the latter also forms a point where other programming languages can connect to. Upto the moment, though, there are no bindings for any other language provided. Have a look at the @link usage Usage page @endlink for a detailed explanation and code examples. @section main_data Data Structures When the importer successfully completed its job, the imported data is returned in an aiScene structure. This is the root point from where you can access all the various data types that a scene/model file can possibly contain. The @link data Data Structures page @endlink describes how to interpret this data. @section main_viewer The Viewer The ASSIMP viewer is a standalone Windows/DirectX application that was developed along with the library. It is very useful for quickly examining the contents of a scene file and test the suitability of its contents for realtime rendering. The viewer offers a lot of additional features to view, interact with or export bits of the data. See the @link viewer Viewer page @endlink for a detailed description of its capabilities. */ /** @page install Installation @section install_prebuilt Using the prebuilt libraries If you develop at Visual Studio 2005 or 2008, you can simply use the prebuilt linker libraries provided in the distribution. Extract all files to a place of your choice. A directory called "Assimp" will be created there. Add the Assimp/include path to your include paths (Menu->Extras->Options->Projects and Solutions->VC++ Directories->Include files) and the Assimp/lib/ path to your linker paths (Menu->Extras->Options->Projects and Solutions->VC++ Directories->Library files). This is neccessary only once to setup all paths inside you IDE. To use the library in your C++ project you have to include either or plus some others starting with . If you set up your IDE correctly the compiler should be able to find the files. Then you have to add the linker library to your project dependencies. Depending on your runtime of choice you either link against assimp_Debug.lib / assimp_Release.lib (static runtime) or assimp_Debug_DLL.lib / assimp_Release_DLL.lib. If done correctly you should now be able to compile, link, run and use the application. If the linker complains about some integral functions being defined twice you propably have mixed the runtimes. Recheck the project configuration (project properties -> C++ -> Code generation -> Runtime) if you use static runtimes (Multithreaded / Multithreaded Debug) or dynamic runtimes (Multithreaded DLL / Multithreaded Debug DLL). Choose the ASSIMP linker lib accordingly. @section install_own Building the library from scratch To build the library on your own you first have to get hold of the dependencies. Fortunately, special attention was paid to keep the list of dependencies short. Unfortunately, the only dependency is boost which can be a bit painful to set up for certain development environments. Boost is a widely used collection of classes and functions for various purposes. Chances are that it was already installed along with your compiler. If not, you have to install it for yourself. Read the "Getting Started" section of the Boost documentation for how to setup boost. VisualStudio users can use a comfortable installer from http://www.boost-consulting.com/products/free. Choose the appropriate version of boost for your runtime of choice. Once boost is working, you have to set up a project for the ASSIMP library in your favourite IDE. If you use VC2005 or VC2008, you can simply load the solution or project files in the workspaces/ folder, otherwise you have to create a new package and add all the headers and source files from the include/ and code/ directories. Set the temporary output folder to obj/, for example, and redirect the output folder to bin/. Then build the library - it should compile and link fine. The last step is to integrate the library into your project. This is basically the same task as described in the "Using prebuild libs" section above: add the include/ and bin/ directories to your IDE's paths so that the compiler can find the library files. Alternatively you can simply add the ASSIMP project to your project's overall solution and build it inside your solution. */ /** @page usage Usage @section access_cpp Access by class interface The ASSIMP library can be accessed by both a class or flat function interface. The C++ class interface is the preferred way of interaction: you create an instance of class Assimp::Importer, maybe adjust some settings of it and then call Assimp::Importer::ReadFile(). The class will read the files and process its data, handing back the imported data as a pointer to an aiScene to you. You can now extract the data you need from the file. The importer manages all the resources for itsself. If the importer is destroyed, all the data that was created/read by it will be destroyed, too. So the easiest way to use the Importer is to create an instance locally, use its results and then simply let it go out of scope. C++ example: @code #include // C++ importer interface #include // root structure of the imported data #include // example: mesh data structures. you'll propably need other includes, too bool DoTheImportThing( const std::string& pFile) { // create an instance of the Importer class Assimp::Importer importer; // and have it read the given file with some example postprocessing aiScene* scene = importer.ReadFile( pFile, aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices); // if the import failed, report it if( !scene) { DoTheErrorLogging( importer.GetErrorText()); return false; } // now we can access the file's contents DoTheSceneProcessing( scene); // we're done. Everything will be cleaned up by the importer destructor return true; } @endcode What exactly is read from the files and how you interpret it is described at the @link data Data Structures page. @endlink The post processing steps that the ASSIMP library can apply to the imported data are listed at #aiPostProcessSteps. @section access_c Access by function interface The plain function interface is just as simple, but requires you to manually call the clean-up after you're done with the imported data. To start the import process, call aiImportFile() with the filename in question and the desired postprocessing flags like above. If the call is successful, an aiScene pointer with the imported data is handed back to you. When you're done with the extraction of the data you're interested in, call aiReleaseImport() on the imported scene to clean up all resources associated with the import. C example: @code #include // Plain C importer interface #include // Root structure of the imported data #include // Example: mesh data structures. you'll propably need other includes, too bool DoTheImportThing( const char* pFile) { // Start the import on the given file with some example postprocessing aiScene* scene = aiImportFile( pFile, aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices); // If the import failed, report it if( !scene) { DoTheErrorLogging( aiGetErrorString()); return false; } // Now we can access the file's contents DoTheSceneProcessing( scene); // We're done. Release all resources associated with this import aiReleaseImport( scene); return true; } @endcode @section custom_io Using custom IO logic The ASSIMP library needs to access files internally. This of course applies to the file you want to read, but also to additional files in the same folder for certain file formats. By default, standard C/C++ IO logic is used to access these files. If your application works in a special environment where custom logic is needed to access the specified files, you have to supply custom implementations of IOStream and IOSystem. A shortened example might look like this: @code #include #include // My own implementation of IOStream class MyIOStream : public Assimp::IOStream { friend class MyIOSystem; protected: // Constructor protected for private usage by MyIOSystem MyIOStream(void); public: ~MyIOStream(void); size_t Read( void* pvBuffer, size_t pSize, size_t pCount) { ... } size_t Write( const void* pvBuffer, size_t pSize, size_t pCount) { ... } aiReturn Seek( size_t pOffset, aiOrigin pOrigin) { ... } size_t Tell() const { ... } size_t FileSize() const { ... } }; // Fisher Price - My First Filesystem class MyIOSystem : public Assimp::IOSystem { MyIOSystem() { ... } ~MyIOSystem() { ... } bool Exists( const std::string& pFile) const { ... } std::string getOsSeparator() const { return "/"; } IOStream* Open( const std::string& pFile, const std::string& pMode = std::string("rb")) { return new MyIOStream( ... ); } void Close( IOStream* pFile) { delete pFile; } }; @endcode Now that your IO system is implemented, supply an instance of it to the Importer object by calling Assimp::Importer::SetIOHandler(). @code void DoTheImportThing( const std::string& pFile) { Assimp::Importer importer; // put my custom IO handling in place importer.SetIOHandler( new MyIOSystem()); // the import process will now use this implementation to access any file importer.ReadFile( pFile, SomeFlag | SomeOtherFlag); } @endcode @section logging Logging in the AssetImporter The ASSIMP library provides an easy mechanism to log messages. For instance if you want to check the state of your import and you just want to see, after which preprocessing step the import-process was aborted you can take a look into the log. Per default the ASSIMP-library provides a default log implementation, where you can log your user specific message by calling it as a singleton with the requested logging-type. To see how this works take a look to this: @code // Create a logger instance Assimp::DefaultLogger::create("",Assimp::Logger::VERBOSE); // Now I am ready for logging my stuff Assimp::DefaultLogger::get()->info("this is my info-call"); // Kill it after the work is done Assimp::DefaultLogger::kill(); @endcode At first you have to create the default-logger-instance (create). Now you are ready to rock and can log a little bit around. After that you should kill it to release the singleton instance. If you want to integrate the ASSIMP-log into your own GUI it my be helpful to have a mechanism writing the logs into your own log windows. The logger interface provides this by implementing an interface called LogStream. You can attach and detach this logstream to the default-logger instance or any implementation derived from Logger. Just derivate your own logger from the abstract baseclass LogStream and overwrite the write-method: @code // Example stream class myStream : public LogStream { public: // Constructor myStream() { // empty } // Destructor ~myStream() { // empty } // Write womethink using your own functionality void write(const std::string &message) { printf("%s\n", message.c_str(); } }; // Attaching it to the default logger instance: unsigned int severity = 0; severity |= Logger::DEBUGGING; severity |= Logger::INFO; severity |= Logger::WARN; severity |= Logger::ERR; // Attaching it to the default logger Assimp::DefaultLogger::get()->attachStream( new myStream(), severity ); @endcode The severity level controls the kind of message which will be written into the attached stream. If you just want to log errors and warnings set the warn and error severity flag for those severities. It is also possible to remove a self defined logstream from an error severity by detaching it with the severity flag set: @code unsigned int severity = 0; severity |= Logger::DEBUGGING; // Detach debug messages from you self defined stream Assimp::DefaultLogger::get()->attachStream( new myStream(), severity ); @endcode If you want to implement your own logger just build a derivate from the abstract base class Logger and overwrite the methods debug, info, warn and error. If you ust want to see the debug-messages in a debug-configured build the Logger-interface provides a logging-severity. You can set it calling the following method: @code Logger::setLogSeverity( LogSeverity log_severity ); @endcode The normal logging severity supports just the basic stuff like, info, warnings and errors. In the verbose level debug messages will be logged, too. */ /** @page data Data Structures The ASSIMP library returns the imported data in a collection of structures. aiScene forms the root of the data, from here you gain access to all the nodes, meshes, materials, animations or textures that were read from the imported file. The aiScene is returned from a successful call to Assimp::Importer::ReadFile(), aiImportFile() or aiImportFileEx() - see the @link usage Usage page @endlink for further information on how to use the library. By default, all 3D data is provided in a right-handed coordinate system such as OpenGL uses. In this coordinate system, +X points to the right, +Y points away from the viewer into the screen and +Z points upwards. Several modelling packages such as 3D Studio Max use this coordinate system as well. By contrast, some other environments use left-handed coordinate systems, a prominent example being DirectX. If you need the imported data to be in a left-handed coordinate system, supply the aiProcess_ConvertToLeftHanded flag to the ReadFile() function call. All matrices in the library are row-major. That means that the matrices are stored row by row in memory, which is similar to the OpenGL matrix layout. A typical 4x4 matrix including a translational part looks like this: @code X1 Y1 Z1 T1 X2 Y2 Z2 T2 X3 Y3 Z3 T3 0 0 0 1 @endcode ... with (X1, X2, X3) being the X base vector, (Y1, Y2, Y3) being the Y base vector, (Z1, Z2, Z3) being the Z base vector and (T1, T2, T3) being the translation part. If you want to use thess matrices in DirectX functions, you have to transpose them. @section hierarchy The Node Hierarchy Nodes are little named entities in the scene that have a place and orientation relative to their parents. Starting from the scene's root node all nodes can have 0 to x child nodes, thus forming a hierarchy. They form the base on which the scene is built on: a node can refer to 0..x meshes, can be referred to by a bone of a mesh or can be animated by a key sequence of an animation. DirectX calls them "frames", others call them "objects", we call them aiNode. A node can potentially refer to single or multiple meshes. The meshes are not stored inside the node, but instead in an array of aiMesh inside the aiScene. A node only refers to them by their array index. This also means that multiple nodes can refer to the same mesh, which provides a simple form of instancing. A mesh referred to by this way lives in the node's local coordinate system. If you want the mesh's orientation in global space, you'd have to concatenate the transformations from the referring node and all of its parents. Most of the file formats don't really support complex scenes, though, but a single model only. But there are more complex formats such as .3ds, .x or .collada scenes which may contain an arbitrary complex hierarchy of nodes and meshes. I for myself would suggest a recursive filter function such as the following pseudocode: @code void CopyNodesWithMeshes( aiNode node, SceneObject targetParent, Matrix4x4 accTransform) { SceneObject parent; Matrix4x4 transform; // if node has meshes, create a new scene object for it if( node.mNumMeshes > 0) { SceneObjekt newObject = new SceneObject; targetParent.addChild( newObject); // copy the meshes CopyMeshes( node, newObject); // the new object is the parent for all child nodes parent = newObject; transform.SetUnity(); } else { // if no meshes, skip the node, but keep its transformation parent = targetParent; transform = node.mTransformation * accTransform; } // continue for all child nodes for( all node.mChildren) CopyNodesWithMeshes( node.mChildren[a], parent, transform); } @endcode This function copies a node into the scene graph if it has children. If yes, a new scene object is created for the import node and the node's meshes are copied over. If not, no object is created. Potential child objects will be added to the old targetParent, but there transformation will be correct in respect to the global space. This function also works great in filtering the bone nodes - nodes that form the bone hierarchy for another mesh/node, but don't have any mesh themselfes. @section meshes Meshes All meshes of an imported scene are stored in an array of aiMesh* inside the aiScene. Nodes refer to them by their index in the array and providing the coordinate system for them, too. One mesh uses only a single material everywhere - if parts of the model use a different material, this part is moved to a separate mesh at the same node. The mesh refers to its material in the same way as the node refers to its meshes: materials are stored in an array inside aiScene, the mesh stores only an index into this array. An aiMesh is defined by a series of data channels. The presence of these data channels is defined by the contents of the imported file: by default there are only those data channels present in the mesh that were also found in the file. The only channels guarenteed to be always present are aiMesh::mVertices and aiMesh::mFaces. You can test for the presence of other data by testing the pointers against NULL or use the helper functions provided by aiMesh. You may also specify several post processing flags at Importer::ReadFile() to let ASSIMP calculate or recalculate additional data channels for you. At the moment, a single aiMesh may contain a set of triangles and polygons. A single vertex does always have a position. In addition it may have one normal, one tangent and bitangent, zero to AI_MAX_NUMBER_OF_TEXTURECOORDS (4 at the moment) texture coords and zero to AI_MAX_NUMBER_OF_COLOR_SETS (4) vertex colors. In addition a mesh may or may not have a set of bones described by an array of aiBone structures. How to interpret the bone information is described later on. @section material Materials All materials are stored in an array of aiMaterial inside the aiScene. Each aiMesh refers to one material by its index in the array. Due to the vastly diverging definitions and usages of material parameters there is no hard definition of a material structure. Instead a material is defined by a set of properties accessible by their names. Have a look at aiMaterial.h to see what types of properties are defined. In this file there are also various functions defined to test for the presence of certain properties in a material and retrieve their values. Example to convert from an Assimp material to a Direct3D 9 material for use with the fixed function pipeline. Textures are not handled, only colors and the specular power, sometimes also refered to as "shininess": @code void ConvertColor ( const aiColor4D& clrIn, D3DCOLORVALUE& clrOut ) { clrOut.r = clrIn.r; clrOut.g = clrIn.g; clrOut.b = clrIn.b; clrOut.a = clrIn.a; } void ConvertMaterial( aiMaterial* matIn, D3DMATERIAL9* matOut ) { // ***** DIFFUSE MATERIAL COLOR aiColor4D clr(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // if the material property is not existing, the passed color pointer // won't be modified, therefore the diffuse color would be BLACK in this case aiGetMaterialColor(matIn,AI_MATKEY_COLOR_DIFFUSE,&clr); ConvertColor ( clr, matOut.Diffuse ); // ***** SPECULAR MATERIAL COLOR clr = aiColor4D(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f); aiGetMaterialColor(matIn,AI_MATKEY_COLOR_SPECULAR,&clr); ConvertColor ( clr, matOut.Specular ); // ***** AMBIENT MATERIAL COLOR clr = aiColor4D(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); aiGetMaterialColor(matIn,AI_MATKEY_COLOR_AMBIENT,&clr); ConvertColor ( clr, matOut.Ambient ); // ***** EMISIVE MATERIAL COLOR (Self illumination) clr = aiColor4D(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); aiGetMaterialColor(matIn,AI_MATKEY_COLOR_EMISSIVE,&clr); ConvertColor ( clr, matOut.Emissive ); // ***** SHININESS (Phong power) matOut.Power = 0.0f; aiGetMaterialFloat(matIn,AI_MATKEY_COLOR_EMISSIVE,&matOut.Power); } @endcode Textures: Textures can have various types and purposes. Sometimes ASSIMP is not able to determine the exact purpose of a texture. Normally it will assume diffuse as default purpose. Possible purposes for a texture: 1. Diffuse textures. Diffuse textures are combined with the result of the diffuse lighting term.
2. Specular textures. Specular textures are combined with the result of the specular lighting term. Generally speaking, they can be used to map a texture onto specular highlights.
3. Ambient textures. Ambient textures are combined with the result of the ambient lighting term.
4. Emissive textures. Emissive textures are combined with the emissive base color of the material. The result is then added to the final pixel color. Emissive textures are sometimes called "Self ilumination maps".
5. Opacity textures. Opacity textures specify the opacity of a texel. They are normally grayscale images, black stands for fully transparent, white for fully opaque.
6. Height maps. Height maps specify the relative height of a point on a triangle on a per-texel base. Normally height maps (sometimes called "Bump maps") are converted to normal maps before rendering. Height maps are normally grayscale textures. Height maps could also be used as displacement maps on a highly tesselated surface.
7. Normal maps. Normal maps contain normal vectors for a single texel, in tangent space. They are not bound to an object. However, all lighting omputations must be done in tangent space. There are many resources on Normal Mapping on the internet.
8. Shininess maps Shininess maps (sometimes called "Gloss" or "SpecularMap") specify the shininess of a texel mapped on a surface. They are normally used together with normal maps to make flat surfaces look as if they were real 3d objects.
Textures are generally defined by a set of parameters, including
1. The path to the texture. This property is always set. If it is not set, a texture is not existing. This can either be a valid path (beware, sometimes it could be a 8.3 file name!) or an asterisk (*) suceeded by a zero-based index, the latter being a reference to an embedded texture (see the "Textures" section for more details). I suggest using code like this to find out whether a texture is embedded or not: @code aiString path; // contains the path obtained via aiGetMaterialString() const aiScene* scene; // valid aiScene instance const char* szData = path.data; if ('*' == *szData) { int index = atoi(szData+1); ai_assert(index < scene->mNumTextures); // your loading code for loading from aiTexture's ... } else // your loading code to load from a path ... @endcode
2. An UV coordinate index. This is an index into the UV coordinate set list of the corresponding mesh. Note: Some formats don't define this, so beware, it could be that a second diffuse texture in a mesh was originally intended to use a second UV channel although ASSIMP states it uses the first one. UV coordinate source indices are defined by the AI_MATKEY_UVWSRC_() material property. Assume 0 as default value if this property is not set.
3. A blend factor. This is used if multiple textures are assigned to a slot, e.g. two or more textures on the diffuse channel. A texture's color value is multiplied with its blend factor before it is combined with the previous color value (from the last texture) using a specific blend operation (see 4.). Blend factor are defined by the AI_MATKEY_TEXBLEND_() material property. Assume 1.0f as default value if this property is not set.
4. A blend operation. This is used if multiple textures are assigned to a slot, e.g. two or more textures on the diffuse channel. After a texture's color value has been multiplied with its blend factor, the blend operation is used to combine it with the previous color value. Blend operations are stored as integer property, however their type is aiTextureOp. Blend factor are defined by the AI_TEXOP_BLEND_() material property. Assume aiTextureOp_Multiply as default value if this property is not set. The blend operation for the first texture in a texture slot (e.g. diffuse 0) specifies how the diffuse base color/ vertex color have to be combined with the texture color value.
You can use the aiGetMaterialTexture() function to read all texture parameters at once (maybe if you're too lazy to read 4 or 5 values manually if there's a smart helper function doing all the work for you ...). @code if (AI_SUCCESS != aiGetMaterialTexture( pcMat, // Material object 0, // first texture in the diffuse slot AI_TEXTYPE_DIFFUSE, // purpose of texture is diffuse &path, // receives the path of the texture &uv, // receives the UV index of the texture &blend, // receives the blend factor of the texture &op, // receives the blend operation of the texture // (you may also specify 0 for a parameter if you don't need it) )) { // cry, jump out of the window, but don't take drugs if this occurs! } @endcode @section bones Bones A mesh may have a set of bones in the form of aiBone structures.. Bones are a means to deform a mesh according to the movement of a skeleton. Each bone has a name and a set of vertices on which it has influence. Its offset matrix declares the transformation needed to transform from mesh space to the local space of this bone. Using the bones name you can find the corresponding node in the node hierarchy. This node in relation to the other bones' nodes defines the skeleton of the mesh. Unfortunately there might also be nodes which are not used by a bone in the mesh, but still affect the pose of the skeleton because they have child nodes which are bones. So when creating the skeleton hierarchy for a mesh I suggest the following method: a) Create a map or a similar container to store which nodes are necessary for the skeleton. Preinitialise it for all nodes with a "no".
b) For each bone in the mesh:
b1) Find the corresponding node in the scene's hierarchy by comparing their names.
b2) Mark this node as "yes" in the necessityMap.
b3) Mark all of its parents the same way until you 1) find the mesh's node or 2) the parent of the mesh's node.
c) Recursively iterate over the node hierarchy
c1) If the node is marked as necessary, copy it into the skeleton and check its children
c2) If the node is marked as not necessary, skip it and do not iterate over its children.
Reasons: you need all the parent nodes to keep the transformation chain intact. Depending on the file format and the modelling package the node hierarchy of the skeleton is either a child of the mesh node or a sibling of the mesh node. Therefore b3) stops at both the mesh's node and the mesh's node's parent. The node closest to the root node is your skeleton root, from there you start copying the hierarchy. You can skip every branch without a node being a bone in the mesh - that's why the algorithm skips the whole branch if the node is marked as "not necessary". You should now have a mesh in your engine with a skeleton that is a subset of the imported hierarchy. @section anims Animations An imported scene may contain zero to x aiAnimation entries. An animation in this context is a set of keyframe sequences where each sequence describes the orientation of a single node in the hierarchy over a limited time span. Animations of this kind are usually used to animate the skeleton of a skinned mesh, but there are other uses as well. An aiAnimation has a duration. The duration as well as all time stamps are given in ticks. To get the correct timing, all time stamp thus have to be divided by aiAnimation::mTicksPerSecond. Beware, though, that certain combinations of file format and exporter don't always store this information in the exported file. In this case, mTicksPerSecond is set to 0 to indicate the lack of knowledge. The aiAnimation consists of a series of aiBoneAnims. Each bone animation affects a single node in the node hierarchy only, the name specifying which node is affected. For this node the structure stores three separate key sequences: a vector key sequence for the position, a quaternion key sequence for the rotation and another vector key sequence for the scaling. All 3d data is local to the coordinate space of the node's parent, that means in the same space as the node's transformation matrix. There might be cases where animation tracks refer to a non-existent node by their name, but this should not be the case in your every-day data. To apply such an animation you need to identify the animation tracks that refer to actual bones in your mesh. Then for every track:
a) Find the keys that lay right before the current anim time.
b) Optional: interpolate between these and the following keys.
c) Combine the calculated position, rotation and scaling to a tranformation matrix
d) Set the affected node's transformation to the calculated matrix.
If you need hints on how to convert to or from quaternions, have a look at the Matrix&Quaternion FAQ. I suggest using logarithmic interpolation for the scaling keys if you happen to need them - usually you don't need them at all. @section textures Textures Normally textures used by assets are stored in separate files, however, there are file formats embedding their textures directly into the model file. Such textures are loaded into an aiTexture structure.
There are two cases:
1) The texture is NOT compressed. Its color data is directly stored in the aiTexture structure as an array of aiTexture::mWidth * aiTexture::mHeight aiTexel structures. Each aiTexel represents a pixel (or "texel") of the texture image. The color data is stored in an unsigned RGBA8888 format, which can be easily used for both Direct3D and OpenGL (swizzling the order of the color components might be necessary). RGBA8888 has been chosen because it is well-known, easy to use and natively supported by nearly all graphics APIs.
2) This is the case for aiTexture::mHeight == 0. The texture is stored in a "compressed" format such as DDS or PNG. The term "compressed" does not mean that the texture data must actually be compressed, however the texture was stored in the model file as if it was stored in a separate file on the harddisk. Appropriate decoders (such as libjpeg, libpng, D3DX, DevIL) are required to load theses textures. aiTexture::mWidth specifies the size of the texture data in bytes, aiTexture::pcData is a pointer to the raw image data and aiTexture::achFormatHint is either zeroed or containing the file extension of the format of the embedded texture. This is only set if ASSIMP is able to determine the file format. */ /** @page viewer The Viewer Sinn: StandAlone-Test für die Importlib Benutzung: was kann er und wie löst man es aus Build: alles von #CustomBuild + DirectX + MFC? */