assimp/code/glTFAsset.h

/*
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All rights reserved.

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/** @file glTFAsset.h
 * Declares a glTF class to handle gltf/glb files
 *
 * glTF Extensions Support:
 *   KHR_binary_glTF: full
 *   KHR_materials_common: full
 */
#ifndef glTFAsset_H_INC
#define glTFAsset_H_INC

#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>

#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1
#include <rapidjson/rapidjson.h>
#include <rapidjson/document.h>
#include <rapidjson/error/en.h>

#ifdef ASSIMP_API
#   include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
#   include "DefaultIOSystem.h"
#   include "ByteSwapper.h"
#else
#   include <memory>
#   define AI_SWAP4(p)
#   define ai_assert
#endif


#if _MSC_VER > 1500 || (defined __GNUC___)
#       define ASSIMP_GLTF_USE_UNORDERED_MULTIMAP
#   else
#       define gltf_unordered_map map
#endif

#ifdef ASSIMP_GLTF_USE_UNORDERED_MULTIMAP
#   include <unordered_map>
#   if _MSC_VER > 1600
#       define gltf_unordered_map unordered_map
#   else
#       define gltf_unordered_map tr1::unordered_map
#   endif
#endif

namespace glTF
{
#ifdef ASSIMP_API
    using Assimp::IOStream;
    using Assimp::IOSystem;
    using boost::shared_ptr;
#else
    using std::shared_ptr;

    typedef std::runtime_error DeadlyImportError;
    typedef std::runtime_error DeadlyExportError;

    enum aiOrigin { aiOrigin_SET = 0, aiOrigin_CUR = 1, aiOrigin_END = 2 };
    class IOSystem;
    class IOStream
    {
        FILE* f;
    public:
        IOStream(FILE* file) : f(file) {}
        ~IOStream() { fclose(f); f = 0; }

        size_t Read(void* b, size_t sz, size_t n) { return fread(b, sz, n, f); }
        size_t Write(const void* b, size_t sz, size_t n) { return fwrite(b, sz, n, f); }
        int    Seek(size_t off, aiOrigin orig) { return fseek(f, off, int(orig)); }
        size_t Tell() const { return ftell(f); }

        size_t FileSize() {
            long p = Tell(), len = (Seek(0, aiOrigin_END), Tell());
            return size_t((Seek(p, aiOrigin_SET), len));
        }
    };
#endif

    using rapidjson::Value;
    using rapidjson::Document;

    class Asset;
    class AssetWriter;

    struct BufferView; // here due to cross-reference
    struct Texture;
    struct Light;


    // Vec/matrix types, as raw float arrays
    typedef float (vec3)[3];
    typedef float (vec4)[4];
    typedef float (mat4)[16];


    namespace Util
    {
        void EncodeBase64(const uint8_t* in, size_t inLength, std::string& out);

        size_t DecodeBase64(const char* in, size_t inLength, uint8_t*& out);

        inline size_t DecodeBase64(const char* in, uint8_t*& out)
        {
            return DecodeBase64(in, strlen(in), out);
        }

        struct DataURI
        {
            const char* mediaType;
            const char* charset;
            bool base64;
            const char* data;
            size_t dataLength;
        };

        //! Check if a uri is a data URI
        inline bool ParseDataURI(const char* uri, size_t uriLen, DataURI& out);
    }


    //! Magic number for GLB files
    #define AI_GLB_MAGIC_NUMBER "glTF"

    #ifdef ASSIMP_API
        #include "./../include/assimp/Compiler/pushpack1.h"
    #endif

    //! For the KHR_binary_glTF extension (binary .glb file)
    //! 20-byte header (+ the JSON + a "body" data section)
    struct GLB_Header
    {
        uint8_t magic[4];     //!< Magic number: "glTF"
        uint32_t version;     //!< Version number (always 1 as of the last update)
        uint32_t length;      //!< Total length of the Binary glTF, including header, scene, and body, in bytes
        uint32_t sceneLength; //!< Length, in bytes, of the glTF scene
        uint32_t sceneFormat; //!< Specifies the format of the glTF scene (see the SceneFormat enum)
    } PACK_STRUCT;

    #ifdef ASSIMP_API
        #include "./../include/assimp/Compiler/poppack1.h"
    #endif


    //! Values for the GLB_Header::sceneFormat field
    enum SceneFormat
    {
        SceneFormat_JSON = 0
    };

    //! Values for the mesh primitive modes
    enum PrimitiveMode
    {
        PrimitiveMode_POINTS = 0,
        PrimitiveMode_LINES = 1,
        PrimitiveMode_LINE_LOOP = 2,
        PrimitiveMode_LINE_STRIP = 3,
        PrimitiveMode_TRIANGLES = 4,
        PrimitiveMode_TRIANGLE_STRIP = 5,
        PrimitiveMode_TRIANGLE_FAN = 6
    };

    //! Values for the Accessor::componentType field
    enum ComponentType
    {
        ComponentType_BYTE = 5120,
        ComponentType_UNSIGNED_BYTE = 5121,
        ComponentType_SHORT = 5122,
        ComponentType_UNSIGNED_SHORT = 5123,
        ComponentType_FLOAT = 5126
    };

    inline size_t ComponentTypeSize(ComponentType t)
    {
        switch (t) {
            case ComponentType_SHORT:
            case ComponentType_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
                return 2;

            case ComponentType_FLOAT:
                return 4;

            //case Accessor::ComponentType_BYTE:
            //case Accessor::ComponentType_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
            default:
                return 1;
        }
    }

    //! Values for the BufferView::target field
    enum BufferViewTarget
    {
        BufferViewTarget_ARRAY_BUFFER = 34962,
        BufferViewTarget_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER = 34963
    };

    //! Values for the Texture::format and Texture::internalFormat fields
    enum TextureFormat
    {
        TextureFormat_ALPHA = 6406,
        TextureFormat_RGB = 6407,
        TextureFormat_RGBA = 6408,
        TextureFormat_LUMINANCE = 6409,
        TextureFormat_LUMINANCE_ALPHA = 6410
    };

    //! Values for the Texture::target field
    enum TextureTarget
    {
        TextureTarget_TEXTURE_2D = 3553
    };

    //! Values for the Texture::type field
    enum TextureType
    {
        TextureType_UNSIGNED_BYTE = 5121,
        TextureType_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 = 33635,
        TextureType_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4 = 32819,
        TextureType_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1 = 32820
    };


    //! Values for the Accessor::type field (helper class)
    class AttribType
    {
    public:
        enum Value
            { SCALAR, VEC2, VEC3, VEC4, MAT2, MAT3, MAT4 };

    private:
        static const size_t NUM_VALUES = static_cast<size_t>(MAT4)+1;

        struct Info
            { const char* name; unsigned int numComponents; };

        template<int N> struct data
            { static const Info infos[NUM_VALUES]; };

    public:
        inline static Value FromString(const char* str)
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_VALUES; ++i) {
                if (strcmp(data<0>::infos[i].name, str) == 0) {
                    return static_cast<Value>(i);
                }
            }
            return SCALAR;
        }

        inline static const char* ToString(Value type)
        {
            return data<0>::infos[static_cast<size_t>(type)].name;
        }

        inline static unsigned int GetNumComponents(Value type)
        {
            return data<0>::infos[static_cast<size_t>(type)].numComponents;
        }
    };

    // must match the order of the AttribTypeTraits::Value enum!
    template<int N> const AttribType::Info
    AttribType::data<N>::infos[AttribType::NUM_VALUES] = {
        { "SCALAR", 1 }, { "VEC2", 2 }, { "VEC3", 3 }, { "VEC4", 4 }, { "MAT2", 4 }, { "MAT3", 9 }, { "MAT4", 16 }
    };



    //! A reference to one top-level object, which is valid
    //! until the Asset instance is destroyed
    template<class T>
    class Ref
    {
        std::vector<T*>* vector;
        int index;

    public:
        Ref() : vector(0), index(0) {}
        Ref(std::vector<T*>& vec, int idx) : vector(&vec), index(idx) {}

        inline size_t GetIndex() const
            { return index; }

        operator bool() const
            { return vector != 0; }

        T* operator->()
            { return (*vector)[index]; }

        T& operator*()
            { return *((*vector)[index]); }
    };

    //! Helper struct to represent values that might not be present
    template<class T>
    struct Nullable
    {
        T value;
        bool isPresent;

        Nullable() : isPresent(false) {}
        Nullable(T& val) : value(val), isPresent(true) {}
    };


    //! Base classe for all glTF top-level objects
    struct Object
    {
        std::string id;   //!< The globally unique ID used to reference this object
        std::string name; //!< The user-defined name of this object

        //! Objects marked as special are not exported (used to emulate the binary body buffer)
        virtual bool IsSpecial() const
            { return false; }

        virtual ~Object() {}
    };



    //
    // Classes for each glTF top-level object type
    //

    //! A typed view into a BufferView. A BufferView contains raw binary data.
    //! An accessor provides a typed view into a BufferView or a subset of a BufferView
    // !similar to how WebGL's vertexAttribPointer() defines an attribute in a buffer.
    struct Accessor : public Object
    {
        Ref<BufferView> bufferView;  //!< The ID of the bufferView. (required)
        unsigned int byteOffset;     //!< The offset relative to the start of the bufferView in bytes. (required)
        unsigned int byteStride;     //!< The stride, in bytes, between attributes referenced by this accessor. (default: 0)
        ComponentType componentType; //!< The datatype of components in the attribute. (required)
        unsigned int count;          //!< The number of attributes referenced by this accessor. (required)
        AttribType::Value type;      //!< Specifies if the attribute is a scalar, vector, or matrix. (required)
        //std::vector<float> max;    //!< Maximum value of each component in this attribute.
        //std::vector<float> min;    //!< Minimum value of each component in this attribute.

        unsigned int GetNumComponents();
        unsigned int GetBytesPerComponent();
        unsigned int GetElementSize();

        inline uint8_t* GetPointer();

        template<class T>
        void ExtractData(T*& outData);

        void WriteData(size_t count, const void* src_buffer, size_t src_stride);

        //! Helper class to iterate the data
        class Indexer
        {
            friend struct Accessor;

            Accessor& accessor;
            uint8_t* data;
            size_t elemSize, stride;

            Indexer(Accessor& acc);

        public:

            //! Accesses the i-th value as defined by the accessor
            template<class T>
            T GetValue(int i);

            //! Accesses the i-th value as defined by the accessor
            inline unsigned int GetUInt(int i)
            {
                return GetValue<unsigned int>(i);
            }
        };

        inline Indexer GetIndexer()
        {
            return Indexer(*this);
        }

        Accessor() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };


    struct Animation : public Object
    {
        struct Channel
        {

        };
        
        struct Target
        {

        };
        
        struct Sampler
        {

        };
    };

    //! A buffer points to binary geometry, animation, or skins.
    struct Buffer : public Object
    {
    public:

        enum Type
        {
            Type_arraybuffer,
            Type_text
        };

        //std::string uri; //!< The uri of the buffer. Can be a filepath, a data uri, etc. (required)
        size_t byteLength; //!< The length of the buffer in bytes. (default: 0)
        //std::string type; //!< XMLHttpRequest responseType (default: "arraybuffer")

        Type type;

    private:
        shared_ptr<uint8_t> mData; //!< Pointer to the data
        bool mIsSpecial; //!< Set to true for special cases (e.g. the body buffer)

    public:
        Buffer();

        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);

        void LoadFromStream(IOStream& stream, size_t length = 0, size_t baseOffset = 0);
        
        size_t AppendData(uint8_t* data, size_t length);
        void Grow(size_t amount);

        uint8_t* GetPointer()
            { return mData.get(); }

        void MarkAsSpecial()
            { mIsSpecial = true; }
        
        bool IsSpecial() const
            { return mIsSpecial; }
    };


    //! A view into a buffer generally representing a subset of the buffer.
    struct BufferView : public Object
    {
        Ref<Buffer> buffer; //! The ID of the buffer. (required)
        size_t byteOffset; //! The offset into the buffer in bytes. (required)
        size_t byteLength; //! The length of the bufferView in bytes. (default: 0)

        BufferViewTarget target; //! The target that the WebGL buffer should be bound to.

        BufferView() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };


    struct Camera : public Object
    {
        enum Type
        {
            Perspective,
            Orthographic
        };

        Type type;

        union
        {
            struct {
                float aspectRatio; //!<The floating - point aspect ratio of the field of view. (0 = undefined = use the canvas one)
                float yfov;  //!<The floating - point vertical field of view in radians. (required)
                float zfar;  //!<The floating - point distance to the far clipping plane. (required)
                float znear; //!< The floating - point distance to the near clipping plane. (required)
            } perspective;

            struct {
                float xmag;  //! The floating-point horizontal magnification of the view. (required)
                float ymag;  //! The floating-point vertical magnification of the view. (required)
                float zfar;  //! The floating-point distance to the far clipping plane. (required)
                float znear; //! The floating-point distance to the near clipping plane. (required)
            } ortographic;
        };

        Camera() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };


    //! Image data used to create a texture.
    struct Image : public Object
    {
        std::string uri; //! The uri of the image, that can be a file path, a data URI, etc.. (required)

        Ref<BufferView> bufferView;

        std::string mimeType;

        int width, height;

    private:
        uint8_t* mData;
        size_t mDataLength;

    public:

        Image();
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);

        inline bool HasData() const
            { return mDataLength > 0; }

        inline size_t GetDataLength() const
            { return mDataLength; }
        
        inline const uint8_t* GetData() const
            { return mData; }

        inline uint8_t* StealData();

        inline void SetData(uint8_t* data, size_t length, Asset& r);
    };

    //! Holds a material property that can be a texture or a color
    struct TexProperty
    {
        Ref<Texture> texture;
        vec4 color;
    };

    //! The material appearance of a primitive.
    struct Material : public Object
    {
        //Ref<Sampler> source; //!< The ID of the technique.
        //std::gltf_unordered_map<std::string, std::string> values; //!< A dictionary object of parameter values.

        //! Techniques defined by KHR_materials_common
        enum Technique
        {
            Technique_undefined = 0,
            Technique_BLINN,
            Technique_PHONG,
            Technique_LAMBERT,
            Technique_CONSTANT
        };

        TexProperty ambient;
        TexProperty diffuse;
        TexProperty specular;
        TexProperty emission;

        bool doubleSided;
        bool transparent;
        float transparency;
        float shininess;

        Technique technique;

        Material() { SetDefaults(); }
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
        void SetDefaults();
    };

    //! A set of primitives to be rendered. A node can contain one or more meshes. A node's transform places the mesh in the scene.
    struct Mesh : public Object
    {
        typedef std::vector< Ref<Accessor> > AccessorList;

        struct Primitive
        {
            PrimitiveMode mode;

            struct Attributes {
                AccessorList position, normal, texcoord, color, joint, jointmatrix, weight;
            } attributes;

            Ref<Accessor> indices;

            Ref<Material> material;
        };

        std::vector<Primitive> primitives;

        Mesh() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Node : public Object
    {
        std::vector< Ref<Node> > children;
        std::vector< Ref<Mesh> > meshes;

        Nullable<mat4> matrix;
        Nullable<vec3> translation;
        Nullable<vec4> rotation;
        Nullable<vec3> scale;

        Ref<Camera> camera;
        Ref<Light>  light;

        Node() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Program : public Object
    {
        Program() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };


    struct Sampler : public Object
    {
        Sampler() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Scene : public Object
    {
        std::vector< Ref<Node> > nodes;

        Scene() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Shader : public Object
    {
        Shader() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Skin : public Object
    {
        Skin() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    struct Technique : public Object
    {
        struct Parameters
        {

        };

        struct States
        {

        };

        struct Functions
        {

        };

        Technique() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };

    //! A texture and its sampler.
    struct Texture : public Object
    {
        //Ref<Sampler> source; //!< The ID of the sampler used by this texture. (required)
        Ref<Image> source; //!< The ID of the image used by this texture. (required)

        //TextureFormat format; //!< The texture's format. (default: TextureFormat_RGBA)
        //TextureFormat internalFormat; //!< The texture's internal format. (default: TextureFormat_RGBA)

        //TextureTarget target; //!< The target that the WebGL texture should be bound to. (default: TextureTarget_TEXTURE_2D)
        //TextureType type; //!< Texel datatype. (default: TextureType_UNSIGNED_BYTE)

        Texture() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);
    };


    //! A light (from KHR_materials_common extension)
    struct Light : public Object
    {
        enum Type
        {
            Type_undefined,
            Type_ambient,
            Type_directional,
            Type_point,
            Type_spot
        };

        Type type;

        vec4 color;
        float distance;
        float constantAttenuation;
        float linearAttenuation;
        float quadraticAttenuation;
        float falloffAngle;
        float falloffExponent;

        Light() {}
        void Read(Value& obj, Asset& r);

        void SetDefaults();
    };

    //! Base class for LazyDict that acts as an interface
    class LazyDictBase
    {
    public:
        virtual ~LazyDictBase() {}

        virtual void AttachToDocument(Document& doc) = 0;
        virtual void DetachFromDocument() = 0;

        virtual void WriteObjects(AssetWriter& writer) = 0;
    };

    //! (Stub class that is specialized in glTFAssetWriter.h)
    template<class T>
    struct LazyDictWriter
    {
        static void Write(T& d, AssetWriter& w) {}
    };

    //! Manages lazy loading of the glTF top-level objects, and keeps a reference to them by ID
    //! It is the owner the loaded objects, so when it is destroyed it also deletes them
    template<class T>
    class LazyDict : public LazyDictBase
    {
        friend class Asset;
        friend class AssetWriter;

        typedef typename std::gltf_unordered_map< std::string, size_t > Dict;

        std::vector<T*>  mObjs;      //! The read objects
        Dict             mObjsById;  //! The read objects accesible by id
        const char*      mDictId;    //! ID of the dictionary object
        const char*      mExtId;     //! ID of the extension defining the dictionary
        Value*           mDict;      //! JSON dictionary object
        Asset&           mAsset;     //! The asset instance

        void AttachToDocument(Document& doc);
        void DetachFromDocument();

        void WriteObjects(AssetWriter& writer)
            { LazyDictWriter< LazyDict >::Write(*this, writer); }

        Ref<T> Add(T* obj);

    public:
        LazyDict(Asset& asset, const char* dictId, const char* extId = 0);
        ~LazyDict();

        Ref<T> Get(const char* id);
        Ref<T> Get(size_t i);

        Ref<T> Create(const char* id);
        Ref<T> Create(const std::string& id)
            { return Create(id.c_str()); }

        inline size_t Size() const
            { return mObjs.size(); }

        inline T& operator[](size_t i)
            { return *mObjs[i]; }

    };


    struct AssetMetadata
    {
        std::string copyright; //!< A copyright message suitable for display to credit the content creator.
        std::string generator; //!< Tool that generated this glTF model.Useful for debugging.
        bool premultipliedAlpha; //!< Specifies if the shaders were generated with premultiplied alpha. (default: false)

        struct {
            std::string api;     //!< Specifies the target rendering API (default: "WebGL")
            std::string version; //!< Specifies the target rendering API (default: "1.0.3")
        } profile; //!< Specifies the target rendering API and version, e.g., WebGL 1.0.3. (default: {})

        int version; //!< The glTF format version (should be 1)

        void Read(Document& doc);
    };

    //
    // glTF Asset class
    //

    //! Root object for a glTF asset
    class Asset
    {
        typedef std::gltf_unordered_map<std::string, int> IdMap;

        template<class T>
        friend class LazyDict;

        friend struct Buffer; // To access OpenFile

        friend class AssetWriter;

    private:
        IOSystem* mIOSystem;

        std::string mCurrentAssetDir;

        size_t mSceneLength;
        size_t mBodyOffset, mBodyLength;

        std::vector<LazyDictBase*> mDicts;

        IdMap mUsedIds;

        Ref<Buffer> mBodyBuffer;

        Asset(Asset&);
        Asset& operator=(const Asset&);

    public:

        //! Keeps info about the enabled extensions
        struct Extensions
        {
            bool KHR_binary_glTF;
            bool KHR_materials_common;

        } extensionsUsed;

        AssetMetadata asset;


        // Dictionaries for each type of object

        LazyDict<Accessor>    accessors;
        LazyDict<Animation>   animations;
        LazyDict<Buffer>      buffers;
        LazyDict<BufferView>  bufferViews;
        LazyDict<Camera>      cameras;
        LazyDict<Image>       images;
        LazyDict<Material>    materials;
        LazyDict<Mesh>        meshes;
        LazyDict<Node>        nodes;
        //LazyDict<Program>   programs;
        //LazyDict<Sampler>   samplers;
        LazyDict<Scene>       scenes;
        //LazyDict<Shader>    shaders;
        //LazyDict<Skin>      skins;
        //LazyDict<Technique> techniques;
        LazyDict<Texture>     textures;

        LazyDict<Light>       lights; // KHR_materials_common ext

        Ref<Scene> scene;

    public:
        Asset(IOSystem* io = 0)
            : mIOSystem(io)
            , accessors     (*this, "accessors")
            , animations    (*this, "animations")
            , buffers       (*this, "buffers")
            , bufferViews   (*this, "bufferViews")
            , cameras       (*this, "cameras")
            , images        (*this, "images")
            , materials     (*this, "materials")
            , meshes        (*this, "meshes")
            , nodes         (*this, "nodes")
            //, programs    (*this, "programs")
            //, samplers    (*this, "samplers")
            , scenes        (*this, "scenes")
            //, shaders     (*this, "shaders")
            //, skins       (*this, "skins")
            //, techniques  (*this, "techniques")
            , textures      (*this, "textures")
            , lights        (*this, "lights", "KHR_materials_common")
        {
            memset(&extensionsUsed, 0, sizeof(extensionsUsed));
            memset(&asset, 0, sizeof(asset));
        }

        //! Main function
        void Load(const std::string& file, bool isBinary = false);

        //! Enables the "KHR_binary_glTF" extension on the asset
        void SetAsBinary();

        //! Search for an available name, starting from the given strings
        std::string FindUniqueID(const std::string& str, const char* suffix);

        Ref<Buffer> GetBodyBuffer()
            { return mBodyBuffer; }

    private:
        void ReadBinaryHeader(IOStream& stream);

        void ReadExtensionsUsed(Document& doc);


        IOStream* OpenFile(std::string path, const char* mode, bool absolute = false);
    };

}

// Include the implementation of the methods
#include "glTFAsset.inl"

#endif